The place where humans live on Earth is the solar system, which is a tiny part of the Milky Way galaxy. The Sun is at the center of the solar system and accounts for more than ninety percent of the total mass of this galaxy.
The Solar System and the Sun
In our solar system, whether it’s the eight planets, or meteors, or comets, or asteroids, or Neptune out there, or interstellar dust, they all rotate together around the sun, which also circles toward the middle of the galaxy.
The diameter of the Sun is about 1.39 million kilometers, almost 100 times the diameter of the Earth, and its volume is about 1.3 million times that of the Earth. Its weight is about 2×1030kg, which is estimated to be about 330,000 times that of the Earth. According to the composition of chemical elements. The sun consists of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, neon, iron and other heavy metals.
The Sun takes the form of nuclear fusion to send light and heat energy outward, rather than nuclear fission. The Sun is located in a nebula at the inner edge of the Milky Way galaxy. There are 50 neighboring star systems that are physically light years away from the Earth. The one closer to the Sun is called a red dwarf star belonging to the star Proxima, at a distance of about 4.2 light years. The Sun is also a yellow dwarf.
The Sun’s lifecycle and future
Yellow dwarfs also die, and they live for about 11 billion years or so. So far the sun has been alive for about 4.5 billion years. Scientists estimate that in about 5 to 6 billion years, the sun’s interior will be depleted of hydrogen. Then the core of the sun will be relatively destroyed and the temperature will rise. Until all the helium inside the sun is turned into carbon, then less energy will be produced, the temperature will become higher, and the outside of the sun will expand, and it is calculated that the outer layers will expand to where the earth or mars is currently located. And it is possible that the Earth and Mars may be farther away from the sun due to the loss of weight of the sun.
In fact, everything in the world is alive, including the glass cups that people use, the plastic garbage cans that they use, the clothes that they wear, the grass and trees around them, the soil and the rocks, all of these are alive. The same is true of the sun, who has six billion years at most of life left in him. Then he’ll turn into a bloated flabby red planet. It won’t glow. The whole solar system will be dead.
The Sun was formed 4.5 billion years ago from a cloud of hydrogen molecules, and scientists have used two methods to determine the age of the Sun. The first, using models of stellar evolution and primordial nucleosynthesis, concluded that the Sun has existed for 4.5 billion years, and the other is the radioactive dating method, which calculates the age of the Sun through the calculation of the oldest substances in the Sun, so far 4.5 billion years. Then, through its radioactivity and some complex calculations, it is calculated that its total life span is around 10 billion years.
The sun, because it doesn’t have enough weight, explodes into a supernova, and in its place it will, in 5 billion years, become a red giant. He gives off less energy, gets hotter, expands in size very dramatically, and then gravitationally begins to contract again, and when the temperature inside its core reaches 1k, instead of hydrogen fusion, helium fusion occurs. This fusion will turn some of the hydrogen atoms into carbon after they have been consumed. The structure of the sun’s interior will change dramatically at this time.
The helium fusion that occurs will go out of thermal control and a helium flash will occur. There will be a huge amount of energy generated that will expand the interior of the sun, and then the interior, the remaining helium, will undergo a stabilizing reaction, and then the sun will suddenly brighten up, and it will be much smaller in size compared to the red giant stage that suddenly got bigger. It would be much dimmer than the previous red giant as well, but it would still be brighter than the current sun until there is more and more carbon inside the core, and then the core shrinks once more, and the exterior expands once more to become the giant star stage. The fate of the sun later on is very uncertain.
When the sun becomes a red giant, it will have a radius two hundred times greater than it does now. Outer material will be squeezed into the Earth’s orbit, and as the Sun slowly becomes a star in the giant branch, it will lose 30% of its weight due to the effects of the stellar winds. And then the Earth’s orbit will move outward.
If that were the case alone, the Earth should be spared. But new research now theorizes that the Earth will be eaten by the sun due to the effects of the tidal action’s mutual forces. Even if it were true that the Earth could escape being eaten by the sun, any water resources on the planet would be boiled, and large amounts of water would turn into gas and be sucked out into space.
So far, the brightness of the sun is still gradually increasing, and each year will be 10% brighter than the previous years, precisely because of this. A billion years ago on the earth will appear on the living things, if this development, a billion years later, the earth’s water will be a lot of evaporation, living things will not be able to survive, will usher in a new biological extinction. After listening to the above, do you think the sun is very powerful. But the awesome is still to come.
The Sun’s place in the Galaxy and Black Holes
The Sun is very small in the Milky Way, the ratio between the Sun and the Milky Way is tens of thousands of times smaller than the ratio between the Earth and the solar system. Although he is the sun in the solar system is a central object, he has seven planets, and sometimes there are comets wandering in the middle of the solar system. But it is such a solar system, in the Milky Way is considered small.
There must be at least 100 billion stars in the Milky Way. In other words, there must be at least 100 billion stars in our solar system. Everyone understands that all the planets in our solar system revolve around the Sun, but the Sun revolves around a much larger galaxy. The center of the galaxy around which the Sun revolves is called the Silver Core. Since it is still unknown what the silver core actually is, some speculate that it is a large black hole. Because any star that makes it go around, they’re going to be one step closer to this black hole, and because there’s a tremendous amount of suction, it could be speculated that it’s a large black hole.
So far the largest known black hole is Ton618, this black hole in the Orion constellation near, a scientist’s research shows that this black hole is likely to be formed with the big bang, is the first batch of primary black hole, is likely to be formed with the center of the silver nucleus of the black hole, according to scientists calculations, with the form of the black hole with the form of an analogy to describe this black hole, then, the earth is equivalent to a grain of sand, then the sun is equivalent to a beach, and this black hole and the sun is equivalent to all the surface of the earth is sand, the sun is just the smallest of the smallest. Then the sun is equivalent to a beach, and this black hole and the sun, compared to the words, is equivalent to all the surface of the earth is sand, the sun is just the smallest of the grain.
But don’t worry, the black hole is still dormant. The sun will die in the future precisely because of the reaction that occurs inside it. What is happening inside the sun is a nuclear fusion reaction, and the atomic bombs or nuclear power stations that people have created all use nuclear fission reaction, which is controllable and can release huge energy, and the nuclear fusion reaction, which is uncontrollable and can release more energy than that produced by the nuclear fission reaction.
The hydrogen bombs made by the US and Russia use fusion reactions. These reactions are taking place every moment, so it is said that every moment is consuming hydrogen, and after 5 billion years, when the hydrogen is consumed, the sun will really be dead.
Some scientists have found that the color of the chromosphere is rose-colored through the solar activity of the candidate. With new technology, scientists are now able to observe the chromosphere and corona in even greater detail, revealing the incredible temperatures of up to several million degrees Celsius.
